Two years later, in 209 BC Tarentum also fell to Rome. There he was joined by Masinissa, king of the Maesulii, one of the Numidian tribes, who had been recently defeated by Syphax, a pro-Punic rival, but who was later to provide invaluable help. Only a minor foothold remained to them north of the Ebro. They were also to pay an indemnity of 10,000 silver talents over a fifty year period, support Scipio's army until the peace was confirmed, and reduced their fleet to a mere ten ships. Hannibal marched through this natural trap, and made camp. Hannibal was out numbered but he had a strong cavalry and he centralized command unlike the Romans who had two rival generals. One part of the Romans had been killed and the other part of the army cavalry thrown into the lake. After defeating two small Punic forces, Scipio settled down to besiege Utica. In the aftermath, Hasdrubal's Spanish allies began to desert him, and he was forced to retreat. One contingent was sent into Numidea to restore Masinissa to power while the rest under Scipio marched towards Carthage herself. The increased brutality of the Roman campaign forced Carthage to order Hannibal to attack. When Publius was killed by a javelin, the Roman situation became hopeless and the army was massacred. Despite the capture of New Carthage and the departure of Hasdrubal Barca, the balance in Spain still appears to have favoured the Carthaginians. In 206 BC, Publius started to reign over the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Their objections were quite valid - Hannibal was still active in Italy, with rumours of more reinforcements to join him, while the failed attempt to attack Carthage directly in 255 BC had prolonged the First Punic War by some ten years. At the Trebia he had managed to choice both the time and place of battle, and with an unorthodox plan was able to defeat a larger Roman force. While his campaign in southern Italy continued with some success, elsewhere the war had turned decisively against Carthage. Hannibal attempted to use 80 elephants to break into the Roman infantry formation, but the Romans countered them effectively and they routed back through the Carthaginian ranks. Publius failed to prevent Hasdrubals (brother of Hannibal) to make connection with Hannibal’s army. An Imperial power had been born. Hannibal set up a camp opposite them, and then send a detachment to secretly cross the river upstream. Hannibal and the Second Punic War Essay 1406 Words | 6 Pages. When a tribe allied to Carthage started to raid Saguntum's territory, Hannibal sided with the allied tribe, and despite a direct warning from the Romans not to, attacked Saguntum (Spring 219 BC). Livy, Polybius and Plutarch on Fabius Maximus. The new war plan was counted on the depletion of the opponent, because it predicted an inevitable defeat in a decisive battle. Even it had simply been pushed back too quickly, the Roman troops might have been able to turn and defeat the new threat. Phoenician colonies appeared quite early, but Carthage did not paid much attention on them until it lost Sicily. According to some sources from the Roman army which numbered more than 50 000 people only 14 000 soldiers were saved. In the autumn of 211 BC Marcus managed to conquer Syracuse. The renewed war took a more ruthless turn. In 221 he was master of the horse for dictator Q. Fabius Maximus. 216 BC – ambassadors to Hannibal after Battle of Cannae 4. 212 saw Hannibal's fortunes start to change. As commander of the Roman army during the Second Punic War, he withstood Hannibal by his strategy of harassing the Carthaginians while avoiding a pitched battle The Romans led by Quintus Fabius Maximus recaptured the city of Tarentum, that had betrayed them in the first Battle of Tarentum in 212 BC. For several days the two sides deployed for battle but did not fight. The Punic army collapsed quickly, with the exception of a small Spanish contingent, whose resistance allowed most of the Punic army to escape. For some time, Hannibal stayed near the city and after that, he retreated to Campania and headed to the south. Publius was the first to be defeated. In 211 BC Rome signed an alliance with the Aetolian league, one of the stronger powers in Greece, and Philip found himself under attack from several sides at once. Livy on the discussion between Hannibal and Scipio. This act did not met sympathy in the democratic ranks for which he was named Verrucosus (Cunctator). From that point, the position of Hannibal, who did not receive the necessary help from the Carthaginian oligarchy, became very difficult. The bulk of his cavalry, 6000 Gallic and Spanish cavalry, were on the left wing, facing the Roman cavalry. Publius and Cnaeus Scipio decided to launch an major offensive in 211 BC. Circus Flaminius an via Flaminia As a censor in 220 he had built the circus Flaminius on the Campus … He gave Romans an excellent cavalry and Hannibal suffered his first and last defeat. He was a princeps of Senate and he was recognized as a saviour of homeland. The Roman disaster was made complete a few days later when Hannibal destroyed Geminius's cavalry, coming ahead of the rest of his army, and effectively stopping him in his tracks. Only after Hasdrubal had deployed his own troops did he realise that the Roman deployment had changed. The strategy of the Romans was such that the war was being waged on the opponent’s territory, and in that purpose one army landed in Africa and the other army in Spain. These armies camped six or seven miles from the Romans, in camps about a mile apart. The resulting battle of Lake Trasimene (21 June 217 BC) was a crushing defeat for the Romans. The two scouting commanders met at the battle of Ticinus (November 218 BC), a small-scale battle notable only as the first of Hannibal's battles on Italian soil. The resulting battle of Ilipa saw Scipio outwit his opponents. What little protest there was against this in the Senate of Carthage was overruled by Hannibal, who knew that the war was lost. The Spanish and Celtic infantry were to slowly retreat in the face of the Roman legions, while the Punic cavalry defeated the Roman and Latin horse. The Romans tried to defend themselves by forming a circle, but they could not resist Hannibal’s army, which broke their line of defence – general extermination. Rome emerged from the war utterly transformed. Early in the spring of 203 BC, Scipio launched simultaneous attacks on these camps and drove off both Punic armies, giving the Romans the freedom to act as they wished around Utica. His agnomen, Cunctator, usually translated as "the delayer", refers to the strategy that he employed against Hannibal's forces during the Second Punic War. Hannibal's plan is much better known. 1. Many Senators and military tribunes were left on the battlefield, including Lucius Aemilius Paullus. - Contact Us - Search - Recent - About Us -  Subscribe in a reader - Join our Google Group With Spain and Sicily both firmly in Roman hands, Carthage itself was now vulnerable, and in 203 BC, Hannibal, with at least some of his army, sailed back from southern Italy to Carthage for the final confrontation of the war. Neither consul had been killed, and their successors were appointed as normal. The Romans over the course of the war gave Fabius the nickname Cunctator (Latin: Delayer) for his tactics, which ended up saving Rome despite popular opinion to the contrary. The war was now over. By 220 the city of Saguntum, some way south of the Ebro, had allied with Rome. Consuls from 216 BC Lucius Aemilius Paullus (Fabius Maximus supporter) and Gaius Terentius Varro, a democrat and supporter of decisive action against Hannibal. Their greatest successes came from a force of light Numidian cavalry, who raided Roman lands with impunity, although the Romans won a victory at the River Himera when the Numidian commander, Muttines, was absent. In the centre were the 20,000 Celtic and 4,000 Spanish infantry. 1. Celtic people were not satisfied with Roman rule, and this help allowed Hannibal to rest his troops.
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